The following (very brief) list is supposed to provide you with a very general idea about wich areas of linguistics can be assumed to provide the basis for all linguistic description and what their particular significance is. Although there are many linguists who only specialise in one field, in order to achieve a full analysis of a particular phenomenon, it is often necessary – and usually advisable – to consider multiple core areas in order to investigate a problem from all different possible directions since, more often than not, what happens on one level will also influence what happens on another

Morphology is the study of the individual components that make up ‘words’ and how these components can be joined together.
   Syntax deals with how we form ‘sentences’ from ‘words’.
   Semantics investigates the meaning of words (in isolation & in context).
   Phonetics describes the sounds available in human language and how they are produced.
   Phonology tries to explain how the sounds occurring in human language are used in a meaningful and systematic way.
   Pragmatics & Textlinguistics aim at describing how larger textual units are built up out of smaller ones and how the latter are linked together to achieve a specific effect

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